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The Presocratic philosophers of Ancient Greece were the first philosophers to separate the natural world from the supernatural world. Presocratic thinking dominated philosophical inquiry until about 400 BCE, when a new wave of philosophers including Aristotle and Socrates began focusing more on questions about human life than on questions about the natural world. The Presocratic philosophers who are discussed in this SparkNotes study guide are Thales of Miletus, Anaximander of Miletus, Anaximenes of Miletus, Xenophanes of Colophon, Heraclitus, Parmenides of Elea, the Eleatics (Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos), Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the Atomists (Leucippus and Democritus).
Read our ten Summary & Analysis sections describing the various branches of Presocratic Philosophy as well as a Full Work Summary.
Reference this list of key terms to consult as you study Presocratic Philosophy.
Read descriptions of the main underlying ideas in Presocratic Philosophy.
Find the quotes you need to support your essay, or refresh your memory of Presocratic Philosophy.
Go further in your study of Presocratic Philosophy by reading about the philosophical context of these philosophers and by reviewing study questions and aswers on key topics.
Test your knowledge of Presocratic Philosophy with these quiz questions.
