Summary
The speaker says that “those who ne’er succeed” place
the highest value on success. (They “count” it “sweetest”.) To understand
the value of a nectar, the speaker says, one must feel “sorest need.”
She says that the members of the victorious army (“the purple Host
/ Who took the flag today”) are not able to define victory as well
as the defeated, dying man who hears from a distance the music of
the victors.
Form
The three stanzas of this poem take the form of iambic
trimeter—with the exception of the first two lines of the second
stanza, which add a fourth stress at the end of the line. (Virtually
all of Dickinson’s poems are written in an iambic meter that fluctuates
fluidly between three and four stresses.) As in most of Dickinson’s poems,
the stanzas here rhyme according to an ABCB scheme, so that the
second and fourth lines in each stanza constitute the stanza’s only
rhyme.
Commentary
Many of Emily Dickinson’s most famous lyrics take the
form of homilies, or short moral sayings, which appear quite simple
but that actually describe complicated moral and psychological truths.
“Success is counted sweetest” is such a poem; its first two lines
express its homiletic point, that “Success is counted sweetest /
By those who ne’er succeed” (or, more generally, that people tend
to desire things more acutely when they do not have them). The subsequent
lines then develop that axiomatic truth by offering a pair of images
that exemplify it: the nectar—a symbol of triumph, luxury, “success”—can
best be comprehended by someone who “needs” it; the defeated, dying
man understands victory more clearly than the victorious army does.
The poem exhibits Dickinson’s keen awareness of the complicated
truths of human desire (in a later poem on a similar theme, she
wrote that “Hunger—was a way / Of Persons outside Windows— / The
Entering—takes away—”), and it shows the beginnings of her terse,
compacted style, whereby complicated meanings are compressed into
extremely short phrases (e.g., “On whose forbidden ear”).
