Complete Text
Tears, idle tears, I know
not what they mean,
Tears from the depth of some divine despair
Rise in the heart, and gather in the eyes,
In looking on the happy autumn-fields,
And thinking of the days that are no more.
Fresh as the first beam glittering
on a sail,
That brings our friends up from the underworld,
Sad as the last which reddens over one
That sinks with all we love below the verge;
So sad, so fresh, the days that are no more.
Ah, sad and strange as in dark
summer dawns
The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds
To dying ears, when unto dying eyes
The casement slowly grows a glimmering square;
So sad, so strange, the days that are no more.
Dear as remembered kisses after
death,
And sweet as those by hopeless fancy feigned
On lips that are for others; deep as love,
Deep as first love, and wild with all regret;
O Death in Life, the days that are no more!
Summary
The speaker sings of the baseless and inexplicable tears
that rise in his heart and pour forth from his eyes when he looks
out on the fields in autumn and thinks of the past.
This past, (“the days that are no more”) is described
as fresh and strange. It is as fresh as the first beam of sunlight
that sparkles on the sail of a boat bringing the dead back from
the underworld, and it is sad as the last red beam of sunlight that
shines on a boat that carries the dead down to this underworld.
The speaker then refers to the past as not “fresh,” but
“sad” and strange. As such, it resembles the song of the birds on
early summer mornings as it sounds to a dead person, who lies watching
the “glimmering square” of sunlight as it appears through a square
window.
In the final stanza, the speaker declares the past to
be dear, sweet, deep, and wild. It is as dear as the memory of the
kisses of one who is now dead, and it is as sweet as those kisses
that we imagine ourselves bestowing on lovers who actually have
loyalties to others. So, too, is the past as deep as “first love”
and as wild as the regret that usually follows this experience.
The speaker concludes that the past is a “Death in Life.”
Form
This poem is written in blank verse, or unrhymed iambic
pentameter. It consists of four five-line stanzas, each of which
closes with the words “the days that are no more.”
Commentary
“Tears, Idle Tears” is part of a larger poem called “The
Princess,” published in 1847.
Tennyson wrote “The Princess” to discuss the relationship between
the sexes and to provide an argument for women’s rights in higher
education. However, the work as a whole does not present a single
argument or tell a coherent story. Rather, like so much of Tennyson’s
poetry, it evokes complex emotions and moods through a mastery of
language. “Tears, Idle Tears,” a particularly evocative section,
is one of several interludes of song in the midst of the poem.
