Summary
Didion cites studies by Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein
that refer to grief as a temporary state of manic depression. She
details how, in the year after John’s death, she stops thinking
rationally. During that year, she believes that her thoughts or
wishes can change outcomes. She can’t read his obituary, for example,
since its publication means that she has allowed other people to
think of John as dead—and if they believe him to be dead, he might
never come back. She can’t give away his shoes, since she believes
that he will need them when he returns. Didion’s magical thinking
begins with John’s autopsy, when she irrationally believes that,
if the coroners can diagnose what happened to John, they will then
be able to fix the problem and bring him back to life.
The day of the autopsy, Didion receives a call from the
hospital asking if she will donate John’s organs. Shaken by this
question, she later realizes that they must have wanted his eyes,
since they’re among the few organs that be harvested from a dead
body. Thinking about John’s eyes, she recalls a poem by E. E. Cummings
that she later tries to find in her library. She instead discovers
a poetry anthology that John owned at boarding school. In the book,
she finds the young John’s process for analyzing a poem outlined
on the flyleaf: “1) What is the meaning of
the poem and what is the experience? 2) What
thought or reflection does the experience lead us to? 3)
What mood, feeling, emotion is stirred or created
by the poem as a whole?” Didion applies these questions to the call
she has received from the hospital, treating the experience itself
as if it were a poem.
On the surface, Didion seems to understand that John’s
death is irreversible. She arranges for the autopsy, cremation,
and placement of his ashes. After Quintana wakes from her coma,
they hold a funeral service. Though she has now made a public acknowledgment
of his death, Didion still believes she has the power to bring John
back.
Since her childhood, she says, she has dealt with problems
by conducting research. How-to guides and inspirational books seem useless
to her, but clinical literature by psychiatrists and psychologists
prove to be more helpful. As she reads various texts, she also sifts
through her own memories to make sense of her feelings. She thinks
about PSA (Pacific Southwest Airlines), which offered cheap flights
between Los Angeles and San Francisco. PSA planes had smiles painted
on their noses, and the toddler Quintana used to refer to flying
on PSA as “going on the smile.” Didion remembers how John had noted
Quintana’s childhood phrases on scraps of paper and used them as
dialogue for a character, Cat, in his novel Dutch Shea,
Jr. Cat, the protagonist’s daughter, is killed by the IRA,
and her parents struggle to make sense of the immense loss. Thinking
back to the book now, Didion realizes that John’s novel was always
about bereavement, though she didn’t realize it at the time. Didion
cycles between memories of flying PSA and her wedding to John at
San Juan Bautista. She also recalls the poem “Rose Aylmer,” an elegy
she had read as an undergraduate. In the poem, the speaker feels
great sorrow at the death of a young woman but restricts his mourning
to a single night of “memories and sighs.”
Didion reads a study by Dr. Vamik Volkan, which describes
a therapy that analysts can use to understand the relationship between
a survivor and the deceased. Didion becomes incensed while reading
the study, wondering how a doctor could ever understand her shared
history with John. Didion later reads a passage about coping with
grief from Emily Post’s 1922 etiquette guide, which
offers detailed instructions for the practical steps one must take
after the death of a loved one. Didion connects Post’s book to the
writings of Philippe Ariès and Geoffrey Gorer, which track the evolution
from death as an accepted part of life to a concealed event in which
mourning is treated as “morbid self-indulgence.” During Didion’s
own childhood, she says, there were prescribed scripts to follow
when someone died: bake a ham, drop it by the bereaved’s house,
and attend the funeral. During Didion’s grieving period, a friend
brings over quart containers of congee from Chinatown every night,
as congee is all she can eat at the time.
Analysis
Magical thinking is a strategy that Didion uses to cope
with her lack of control over what happened to John and Quintana.
This mentality allows her to assert some agency in a situation where
she is powerless to determine outcomes. Didion knows herself as
a high-functioning person, able to manage situations by conducting
rigorous research, communicating with the right people, and approaching
problems with an organized, pragmatic outlook. Her daughter’s illness
and husband’s death are fundamentally unmanageable and illogical
events, and though at some level she understands that these situations
are beyond her control, she clings to the idea that she has the
power to change them. Didion suddenly develops a child’s mentality,
believing that she can change her situation through her heartfelt
wishes. Though this magical thinking is only a coping mechanism,
she cannot acknowledge it as such, since this realization would
deprive her of the ability to believe that she has the power to
bring back her dead husband. For Didion, magical thinking remains
a temporary outlook rather than a permanent reality, since she ultimately
realizes that John cannot, in fact, come back.
