Baker, Carlos. Hemingway: The Writer as Artist. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Brenner, Gerry. The Old Man and the Sea: Story of a Common Man. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991.

Hurley, C. Harold, ed. Hemingway’s Debt to Baseball in The Old Man and the Sea: A Collection of Critical Readings. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press, 1992.

———. “Just ‘a Boy’ or ‘Already a Man’?: Manolin’s Age in The Old Man and the Sea,” The Hemingway Review 10, no. 2. 95–101.

Jobes, Katharine T., comp. Twentieth-Century Interpretations of The Old Man and the Sea: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968.

Morton, Bruce. “Santiago’s Apprenticeship: A Source for The Old Man and the Sea,” The Hemingway Review 2, no. 2. 52–55. Reynolds, Michael S. Hemingtway. 5 vols. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998–2000.

Waldmeir, Joseph J. and Frederick J. Svoboda, eds. Hemingway: Up in Michigan Perspectives. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1995.

Weeks, Robert P. Hemingway: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1962.

Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1961.

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