Summary: Act III, scene ii
Prince Harry has come to the royal palace, after a long
absence, to answer his father’s summons. Henry is both sad and angry
and rebukes his son in stinging terms. He says he would like to
be able to forgive Harry but he cannot tolerate Harry’s recent behavior.
Henry asserts that if Harry continues to hang around with commoners,
he will never command the respect a king must have. Henry feels
that familiarity breeds contempt: only that which is rare and unusual
is well respected. When he himself was waging the war that made
him a king, he adds, he didn’t slum around London the way Harry
does. Rather, when he made his occasional appearances, he was very courteous
and regal. That way, the common people respected and loved him in
a way that they do not respect or love Harry.
Henry then tells Harry that he is behaving just like
Richard II (the king whom Henry overthrew): the common people scorned
and hated Richard, who spent too much time indulging in pleasures
and who made friends and counselors out of fools. In Henry’s opinion, such
dissolute behavior will make the people hate Harry too.
Henry continues his diatribe against Harry, saying that
he feels that Hotspur currently has more real right than Harry to
inherit the throne. For, although Harry has the claim of blood inheritance, Hotspur
is the one who demonstrates his courage in warfare, winning honor
in his battles and daring to take on even the king himself. While
Hotspur reminds Henry of himself when he was young, Henry does not
recognize himself at all in Harry. In fact, it is clear (according
to Henry) that Harry acts like such a scoundrel because he hates
his father. Henry is sure that Harry will soon go over to Hotspur’s
side, joining forces with Henry’s deadly enemies.
Clearly moved, Harry breaks out into an emotional speech
in which he asserts that Henry is wrong. He swears that he will
take revenge upon Hotspur for everything that Hotspur has ever done against
Henry. He adds that when he finally defeats Hotspur in combat, all
of Hotspur’s honor, glories, and achievements will become Harry’s
own. He vows to begin acting in a way suitable to the heir to the
throne, and he solemnly declares that he will carry out what he has
sworn or die in the attempt. Pleased but wary, Henry tells Harry that
he may have the command of soldiers in the upcoming war, to prove
himself sincere and carry out his vow.
Sir Walter Blunt, one of Henry’s trusted allies, enters
suddenly, bearing the news that the Douglas, the leader of the Scottish
rebels, met the English rebels several days earlier at Shrewsbury,
in the west of England. The combined force will soon be ready to
attack. Henry says that he already knows about this development
and has sent out his younger son, Prince John (Lord of Lancaster),
and the Earl of Westmoreland to meet them. Next Wednesday, he adds,
Harry will set out, and on Thursday, Henry and his forces will follow.
All will meet at Bridgnorth, not far from the rebels’ camp at Shrewsbury,
in twelve days.
Read a translation of
Act III, scene ii →
Analysis
This critical scene is positioned at the midpoint of the
play, halfway through the third act. Shakespeare often places the
important turning point of a play at the midpoint, neatly dividing
the action into prelude and result. The most obvious importance
of this scene is that Harry vows to abandon his vagabond ways and
behave as a royal prince should. He has long planned to undergo
this transformation, as he earlier reveals (he plans to redeem himself
“when men think least I will” [I.ii.195]).
Evidently, with his father despairing and war looming nearer, Harry
decides that the time is right to make his move.
