The Things They Carried

Full Title  The Things They Carried

Author Tim O’Brien

Type of Work Collection of interconnected short stories

Genre War stories; coming-of-age stories; memory stories

language English

Time and place written Massachusetts, late 1980s

Date of first publication  1990

Publisher Houghton Mifflin / Seymour Lawrence

Narrator Tim O’Brien

Point of view Most of the stories are told from the first person, but on several occasions, O’Brien uses the third person as either a distancing tactic or a chance to let one of his platoon-mates, such as Mitchell Sanders or Rat Kiley, tell his story.

Tone  The Things They Carried is an introspective memory story and a self-conscious examination of the methods and reasons behind storytelling. The narrator is unreliable; he speaks of the necessity of blurring truth and fiction in a true war story.

Tense Past tense, shifting between the Vietnam War in the late 1960s and the narrator’s immediate past, twenty years after the war

Setting (Time) Late 1960s and late 1980s

Setting (Place) Primarily Vietnam, but also U.S. locations including Iowa and Massachusetts

Protagonist Tim O’Brien

Major Conflict The men of the Alpha Company, especially Tim O’Brien, grapple with the effects—both immediate and long-term—of the Vietnam War.

Rising Action In the summer of 1968, Tim O’Brien receives a draft notice. Despite a desire to follow his convictions and flee to Canada, he feels he would be embarrassed to refuse to fulfill his patriotic duty and so concedes to fight in Vietnam.

Climax During their tour of duty, the men of the Alpha Company must cope with the loss of their own men and the guilt that comes from killing and watching others die.

Falling Action After he returns from war, O’Brien grapples with his memories by telling stories about Vietnam.

Themes Physical and emotional burdens; fear of shame as motivaton; the subjection of truth to storytelling

Motifs Storytelling; ambiguous morality; loneliness and isolation

Symbols The dead young Vietnamese soldier; Kathleen; Linda

Foreshadowing O’Brien mentions the deaths of men such as Ted Lavender, Curt Lemon, and Kiowa before he gives detailed accounts of how and when they died in later stories.