Baker, Carlos. Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1969.

———. “The Spanish Tragedy.” In Ernest Hemingway: The Writer as Artist. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Beach, Joseph Warren. “Style in For Whom the Bell Tolls.” In Ernest Hemingway: A Critique of Four Major Novels. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York: Scribner, 1962.

Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926.

———. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1929.

Josephs, Allen. For Whom the Bell Tolls: Ernest Hemingway’s Undiscovered Country. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994.

———. “Hemingway’s Poor Spanish: Chauvinism and Loss of Credibility in For Whom the Bell Tolls.” In Hemingway: A Revaluation. Edited by Donald R. Noble. Troy, New York: Whitston, 1983.

Sanderson, Rena, ed. Blowing the Bridge: Essays on Hemingway and For Whom the Bell Tolls. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Stanton, Edward F. Hemingway in Spain: A Pursuit. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1989.

Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.

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