full title The Hobbit, or There and Back Again
author J. R. R. Tolkien
type of work Novel
genre Fantasy, heroic quest, satire, comic epic, children’s
story
language English
time and place written Roughly between 1929 and 1936 in
Oxford, England; since the story was first told orally to Tolkien’s
children, there is some doubt as to the exact dates of its composition.
date of first publication 1937
publisher Houghton Mifflin
narrator The anonymous narrator is playful and humorous. He
tends to speak in a comic voice with frequent asides and humorous descriptions
of the characters. Bilbo, for instance, is often called Mr. Baggins
or “the poor little fellow.”
point of view The novel is narrated in the third person, almost exclusively
from Bilbo’s point of view. The narration is omniscient, which means that the
narrator not only relates Bilbo’s thoughts and feelings but also
comments on them.
tone The narrator’s tone is light and casual, and he encourages
his readers not to take his story too seriously by making frequent jokes
at his characters’ expense. The narrator’s tone periodically becomes
darker when the company faces great danger or defeat (as in the
chapters taking place in Mirkwood), but for the most part, the story
is brightly and warmly narrated.
tense Past
setting (time) The Third Age of Middle-Earth, 2941–2942
settings (place) Various locales in the imaginary world of Middle-Earth
protagonist Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit
major conflict Bilbo’s timidity, complacency, and uncertainty work
against his inner strength and heroism. As he travels and embarks
on adventures, he must gradually learn to rely on his own abilities and
to take the initiative to do what he feels is right.
rising action Gandalf visits Bilbo and orders him to act as the burglar
for the dwarves’ expedition to regain Thorin’s treasure from Smaug. Bilbo
reluctantly departs, and with each increasingly difficult adventure,
he accepts more responsibility for the welfare of the group.
climax After Bilbo kills a spider in Chapter 8,
he finally has enough confidence in his own abilities as a leader
and hero. The Battle of the Five Armies in Chapter 17 is
the climax of the expedition.
falling action Bilbo and Gandalf begin the journey home after regaining
the treasure, resolving the differences between the dwarves, elves, and
men, and defeating the Wargs and goblins. They first spend time
with Beorn, then sojourn in Rivendell before returning to Hobbiton.
Bilbo has a newfound appreciation for the comforts of his dwelling,
but he recognizes that his view of society and his surroundings
has undergone profound change.
themes Bilbo’s heroism; race, lineage, and character
motifs Contrasting worldviews, the nature and geography of
Middle-Earth
symbols Named swords, hobbits
foreshadowing The description of Bilbo’s Took blood; Gandalf’s insistence
that there is more to Bilbo than meets the eye; Gollum’s addresses
to his mysterious “precious”; Beorn’s warnings not to leave the path
in Mirkwood; the thrush’s interest in Bilbo’s description of Smaug’s
weakness
