From the opening through Montag’s arrival at home
Summary
Guy Montag is a fireman in charge of burning books in
a grim, futuristic United States. The book opens with a brief description
of the pleasure he experiences while on the job one evening. He
wears a helmet emblazoned with the numeral 451 (the
temperature at which paper burns), a black uniform with a salamander
on the arm, and a “phoenix disc” on his chest. On his way home from
the fire station, he feels a sense of nervous anticipation. After
suspecting a lingering nearby presence, he meets his new
neighbor, an inquisitive and unusual seventeen-year-old named Clarisse
McClellan. She immediately recognizes him as a fireman and seems
fascinated by him and his uniform. She explains that she is “crazy”
and proceeds to suggest that the original duty of firemen was to
extinguish fires rather than to light them. She asks him about his
job and tells him that she comes from a strange family that does
such peculiar things as talk to each other and walk places (being
a pedestrian, like reading, is against the law).
Clarisse’s strangeness makes Guy nervous, and he laughs
repeatedly and involuntarily. She reminds him in different ways
of candlelight, a clock, and a mirror. He cannot help feeling somehow attracted
to her: she fascinates him with her outrageous questions, unorthodox
lifestyle, perceptive observations, and “incredible power of identification.”
She asks him if he is happy and then disappears into her house.
Pondering the absurd question, he enters his house and muses about
this enigmatic stranger and her comprehension of his “innermost
trembling thought.”
Analysis
“The Hearth and the Salamander” focuses on Montag’s job
as a fireman and his home life. The hearth, or fireplace, is a traditional
symbol of the home, and the salamander is one of the official symbols
of the firemen, as well as what they call their fire trucks. Both
of these symbols have to do with fire, the dominant image of Montag’s
life—the hearth because it contains the fire that heats a home,
and the salamander because of ancient beliefs that it lives in fire
and is unaffected by flames. Montag enjoys his job burning books
and takes great pride in it; at the beginning of the novel, it largely
defines his character. The opening passage describes the
pleasure he experiences while burning books. He loves the spectacle of
burning and seeing things “changed” by the fire, and his fire-induced
grin seldom leaves his face. He even loves the smell of kerosene,
which never quite washes off his body, and which he describes to
Clarisse as “perfume.”
As we later learn, Montag’s society has abandoned books
in favor of hollow, frenetic entertainment and instant gratification.
At the beginning of the novel, Montag, like everyone else, disdains what
he does not understand, and by burning books he creates a spectacle
that pleases the frightened masses. He has a position of respect
in his society, and Clarisse’s lack of respect or fear of his authority
is one of the ways in which she first distinguishes herself from
the general population.
Clarisse is extremely inquisitive and thoughtful,
and she irritates Montag at first because she challenges his most
deeply ingrained beliefs with her innocent questioning. In a society where
reading, driving slowly, and walking outside for any length of time
are outlawed and a candid conversation is a rare and suspicious
event, Clarisse’s gentle love of nature and people is truly peculiar.
She is forced to go to a psychiatrist for strange behaviors such
as hiking, catching butterflies, and thinking independently. Her
family is responsible for teaching her to be so quietly rebellious,
especially her uncle. At night, the McClellan house is lit up brightly,
contrasting sharply with the darkness and silence of the other houses.
Montag is ignorant of the past of which Clarisse speaks and accuses
her of thinking too much. Nevertheless, Clarisse opens Montag’s
eyes to the beauties of the natural world, and she recognizes that
he is not like everyone else and has the potential to be a thinking
individual like her. Before their meeting, Montag’s familiarity
with nature was limited to his fascination with fire.
Montag’s feelings toward Clarisse are ambivalent, a combination
of fascination and repulsion. Clarisse removes Montag’s mask of
happiness, forcing him to confront the deeper reality of his situation,
and his discomfort manifests itself in his involuntary bursts of spiteful,
confused laughter. She seems like a mirror to him with her “incredible
power of identification.” He feels that she is profoundly connected
to him somehow, as if she had been waiting for him. Later, looking
back on his first encounter with her, Clarisse’s face seems to presage
further darkness before a new light.
