Summary
The German army continues to weaken, but the war rages
on. Paul and his comrades cease to count the weeks they have spent
fighting. Paul compares war to a deadly disease like the flu, tuberculosis,
or cancer. The men’s thoughts are molded by “the changes of the days”:
when they are fighting, their thoughts go dead; when they are resting,
their thoughts are good. Their prewar lives are “no longer valid”
since the years before they joined the army have ceased to mean
anything. Before, they were “coins of different provinces”; now,
they are “melted down,” and they all “bear the same stamp.” They
identify themselves as soldiers first, only second as individual men.
They share an intimate, close bond with one another, like that of
convicts sentenced to death. Survival requires their complete, unquestioning
loyalty to one another.
Paul reflects that, for the soldiers, life is no more
than the constant avoidance of death. They have to reduce themselves
to the level of unthinking animals because instinct is their best
weapon against unrelenting mortal danger. It helps them survive
the horrendous conditions of trench warfare without losing their
minds. However, the war wears them down despite themselves. Eventually,
they begin to crack. Detering sees a cherry tree blossoming one
day. He takes a branch from the tree with him, reminding himself
of his orchard at home, which is full of cherry trees.
He deserts the army a few days later. Foolishly, he tries to go
back home instead of fleeing to Holland, and he is captured and
tried as a deserter. The Second Company never hears from him again.
An enemy shoots Müller point-blank in the abdomen. His agonizingly
painful death lasts half an hour. Paul receives Müller’s boots,
which once belonged to Kemmerich.
The war continues to go badly for the Germans. The quality
of the soldiers’ food worsens, and there is considerably less food.
Dysentery strikes them with a vengeance. The Germans’ weapons are worn
and useless against the newer, more powerful artillery of their enemies.
The new recruits are younger than ever before and have no training.
Wounded men are sent back to fight before they are healed; even
crippling physical defects do not save them from combat duty. Leer
bleeds to death from a thigh wound. The summer of 1918 is horrific.
Though they are obviously losing, the Germans keep fighting. Rumors
of a possible end to the war make the soldiers more reluctant to
return to the front lines.
Kat is wounded while returning with food that he has scavenged. Paul
cannot leave him to find a stretcher because Kat is bleeding too much.
Paul painstakingly carries him to the dressing station while shells
crash around him. Kat is the only friend Paul has left in the army.
When he reaches the station, still carrying Kat, he discovers that
Kat has been hit in the head by a fragment from an exploding shell.
Paul’s dearest friend is dead.
Analysis
The final chapters of All Quiet on the Western
Front are full of bitter irony. Even the battle-hardened
soldiers are reaching the point of collapse. Their prewar lives
have ceased to mean anything since they can no longer imagine a
peacetime existence. Paul’s comparison of the war to disease reflects
an attack on the romantic ideals of warfare. Until now, he and his
friends have avoided allowing the disease of war to infect them.
At this point, however, the sickness is creeping into their minds
and souls because it is becoming their only existence. They have
ceased to think of themselves as anything other than soldiers fighting
a hopeless conflict. They share an intense bond with one another,
but it has now taken on the character of a bond between fellow convicts
sentenced to death. The war has become a mental prison, as their
country refuses to end the hostilities in the face of obvious evidence
that it is losing the war badly.
Paul’s analogy between minting coins and the effect of
the war on veteran soldiers is also significant. It is true that
he and his friends establish close bonds that far surpass any civilian
or peacetime friendship. However, those bonds have been established
through trial by fire. They have had to enter a crucible of unbelievable
violence in order to form and solidify these friendships. In passing through
this metaphorical fire, Paul and his company have been melded together,
not so much against the enemy as against the harsh reality of war.
The comparison of their relationships to those of convicts sentenced
to death adds a sobering qualifier to the romanticized ideal of
comradeship.
